top of page

RE01 什么是产权保险 (Title Insurance)?为什么要买产权保险?

  • Writer: New Beginning Law
    New Beginning Law
  • Nov 21, 2019
  • 5 min read

Updated: Dec 5, 2021

如果你在加拿大买房,一般情况下,都会购买产权保险 (Title Insurance)。 很多客户询问什么是产权保险?都保什么?为什么要买产权保险?在此一一予以解答。


首先需要澄清的是,产权保险不同于房屋保险(Home Insurance)。房屋保险的保险标的是房屋本身。承保的风险包括自然灾害(雷击、飓风等), 意外事故(电路引起的火灾等)以及盗窃、第三者责任险(行人雪天在门前滑倒)等。 而产权保险,顾名思义,是对房子产权上过去或者未来产生的瑕疵予以赔付的保障。


产权保险分为业主险(Owner Policy)和贷款险(Lender Policy)两大类。因为业主险是保障房屋产权人(买家)的利益,是大家最关心的,所以本文仅阐述业主险相关内容。


产权保险都保什么?

业主险承保的内容根据保险公司以及房屋产权情况的不同,有所差异。但是通常而言都承保以下风险:

1. 交易前存在的产权风险,例如注册在产权下的各种抵押权或留置权(比如前房主装修但拖欠承包商工程款而被承包商注册的留置权Construction/Builder Lien), 违法装修或建造(未遵循市政条例申请建造许可), 违反市政规划(Zoning), 违反市政建筑法规而被市政要求整改(work orders), 违反市政关于房屋距公共道路退缩距离(Setback violation), 欠缴的市政房产税,拖欠市政公用设施费用(比如水费),交房时未发现的房产越界(encroachments)等等。

2. 欺诈或伪造文件风险:欺诈和伪造文件在房地产交易中是屡见不鲜的。例如有人伪造房主的签名抵押房产去银行贷款或将房产卖给第三方。这种骗局被发现后要耗费业主大量费时间、精力和金钱去解决。如拥有产权保险,则保险公司会解决相应问题,免除被欺诈业主的忧虑。


为什么要买产权保险?

产权保险是上世纪90年代从美国传入加拿大的,这是为什么目前加拿大市场的产权保险公司基本都是美国公司的原因。产权保险兴起之前,传统买方律师要进行尽职调查并出具律师产权意见书(Lawyer’opinion on title)以保证买家的产权是无瑕疵,可转让(good and marketable title)。为此,买方律师需要进行全面尽职调查。比如写信给政府,询问地税及市政水费有没有缴清?地下室装修是否申请了许可,是否有验收合格证?前业主有没有违反产权上登记的政府要求(Agreement with Municipality) 和使用限制条款(Restrictive Condition)?该房屋建筑是否符合市政建筑规范(Building Code)? 是否有市政发出的整改通知?是否符合市政规划(zoning)?等等。这些查询耗时数周,而且各项查询费用不菲,从几十到上百(这些费用都需要买家最后来承担)。此外因为调查工作量增加从而律师费也会相应提高。但是如果购买了产权保险,则有一些调查项目可以省略,其风险由产权保险公司予以保证,从而降低了交易成本。


其次,律师在出具产权意见书(Lawyer’opinion on title)前,会要求买方提供最新的土地勘测图(survey)。土地勘测图及报告是由安省具有专业资质的测绘师出具的,标识出土地、房屋建筑物以及附属设施的位置及尺寸以及其他信息。通过查阅勘测图,便可知道土地的边界在哪儿;围栏是否在边界上;邻居的建筑物或围栏是否侵占你的土地(反之亦然,你的建筑物或围栏是否侵占了邻居的土地);房屋建筑是否符合市政关于房屋距公共道路退缩距离(Setback)的要求;是否有地役权及其相应位置及尺寸;是否有通往公共道路的出口等。以上这些问题只有通过勘测图才能得知,所以勘测图是非常有价值的。但是要获得一份最新勘测图,买家要雇佣专业测绘人员,费用好几千,周期长达数月。贷款银行通常也会要求出具最新勘测图,但是在产权保险兴起之后,贷款银行也接受产权保险代替勘测图。从这个方面讲,产权保险是一种高性价比的保障产权方式。花几百块钱购买产权保险后就不需要花几千去绘制勘测图了。


现在在民居房产交易中基本都采用产权保险,因为通常卖家不能提供最新勘测图而买家也没有时间或金钱去雇佣专业测绘师绘制勘测图。况且产权保险也能被贷款银行接受,而且是一个高性价比,多重保障的产权保障方式,所以产权保险在兴起之后很快占据了市场主流。


但是需要指出的是,勘测图还是有其独特的价值,因为有些产权瑕疵只有通过查阅勘测图还能得知。买家律师在发现这些产权瑕疵后可以要求卖家在交房日(Closing day)前予以解决。即使不能得到解决,买家通常会通过房款折扣(abatement)得到经济补偿或终止合同。而反观产权保险,不能在事前解决产权瑕疵的问题,仅在事后发现产权瑕疵予以赔付。此外,对于购房后有扩张或增建计划的,推倒重建的,或空地开发新宅的,我们也会建议买家客户,在条件允许的情况下,获得一份最新勘测图。


产权保险期限:

跟通常的车险,房屋保险不同,产权保险一次支付,终身有效。保单在房屋移交登记之日生效,只要被保险人拥有房地产产权,那么保单一直有效。换言之,房屋再次出售后则保单终止。


产权保险保费:

市场上常见的产权保险公司有Chicago Title, First American Title, First Canadian Title, Stewart Title, Title Plus等,各家保费大同小异。产权保险保费依房价而定,低于50万的房子,保费大约在$250-$350 之间。一百万以下房子,保险费一般不超过$1000。


最后,我们举几个最常见的产权保险的例子

• 违法装修或建造: 前房主装修地下室或新建阁楼,但没获得相应许可。新的卖家在房产过户后收到市政通知要拆除违章建筑。拆除违法建筑物耗费财力、精力,而产权保险会予以解决或予以赔付。 • 侵占邻居土地: 邻居拿着勘测图或地界图控告你的房屋建筑物越界侵占了他的土地,要求你拆除侵占部分建筑。产权保险公司在评估价值后,会通过各种方式(比如购买侵占土地等)予以解决或予以赔付。

• 欺诈和伪造文件: 有人伪造房主的签名抵押房产申请银行贷款。产权保险公司会清偿银行并撤销房产下注册的贷款抵押。


免责:此信息为公共法律信息,非法律专业意见,仅供参考。如需法律服务,请联络新起点律师事务所(613)225-8425.


可参看以下视频介绍“What is Title Insurance?


ree

Comments


New Beginning (NB) Law

​​新起点律师事务所

TEL: (613) 823-6643

FAX:(613) 823-1494

32 TIERNEY DR, Ottawa, ON K2J 4T3

©2019 by New Beginning Law.

Terms of Use

Welcome to the website of NEW BEGINNING LAW. By accessing or using this website, you agree to be bound by these Terms of Use. If you do not agree with these Terms, please do not use this website.

1. No Legal Advice

The content of this website is provided for general informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal or professional advice and should not be relied upon as such. You should not act or refrain from acting based on any information found on this website without seeking appropriate legal or professional advice relating to your particular circumstances.

2. No Lawyer–Client Relationship

Your use of this website, including sending us an email or completing a contact form, does not create a lawyer–client relationship between you and NEW BEGINNING LAW. A lawyer–client relationship is only established once we have agreed in writing to act for you.

3. Accuracy of Information

While we endeavor to keep the information on this website accurate and up to date, we make no warranties or representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the information provided. Laws and regulations may change, and the information may not be current.

4. Third-Party Links

This website may contain links to third-party websites. These links are provided for your convenience only. We do not endorse, control, or make any representations about the accuracy or content of those third-party sites.

5. Intellectual Property

All content on this website, including text, graphics, logos, and other materials, is the property of [Law Firm / Lawyer’s Name] or its licensors and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may view and print content for personal, non-commercial use only.

6. Limitation of Liability

To the fullest extent permitted by law, NEW BEGINNING LAW disclaims all liability for any damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with your use of this website, including but not limited to direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or punitive damages.

7. Governing Law

These Terms of Use are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Province of ONTARIO, and the applicable laws of Canada, without regard to conflict of laws principles. Any disputes shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of ONTARIO.

Disclaimer of Liability

The information on this website is provided “as is,” without any warranties of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of accuracy, completeness, or fitness for a particular purpose.

Use of this website is at your own risk. NEW BEGINNING LAW expressly disclaims all liability for any damages arising from reliance on information contained on this website or from accessing or using any linked third-party sites.

Transmission of information from this website does not create a lawyer–client relationship, and you should not send confidential or sensitive information through this website without prior authorization from our office.

bottom of page