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Fam004 同居,你需要知道的法律知识

  • Writer: New Beginning Law
    New Beginning Law
  • Nov 5, 2019
  • 3 min read

Updated: Nov 21, 2019


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同居,已然成为这个时代普遍甚至流行的一种生活方式,都市男女一边享受亲密无间的爱情,一边保持随时撤退的自由。

然而,两个人好的时候一切都好,分开的时候可就不那么简单了。很多人并没有意识到,有朝一日分手的时候,同居和结婚能够受到的法律保护的程度是非常不一样的。

同居关系 根据安省家庭法(Family Law Act)对于同居的定义,当两个人(异性或同性)以夫妻名义同居生活, 包括非婚同居和重婚同居, 则双方是同居(Cohabiting)关系,或称为事实婚姻(Common Law)关系(普通法婚姻)。

同居伴侣与结婚夫妻在法律权利上有什么区别? 1. 财产分割 依据安省家庭法,结婚夫妻在婚姻终结时,基于对夫妻双方同等贡献的承认,默认规则是平分任何财产,50-50,包括在婚姻期间你们获得的财产(即使财产登记在对方名下),以及你们在分居时依然保有的财产。如果婚姻结束,您带入婚姻的婚前财产仍归您所有,但这些婚前财产在你们婚姻期间的任何增值都必须被平分。

而同居伴侣,与结婚夫妻截然不同,不享有安省家庭法法定的财产权利。通常,家具、家庭财产与其它财产归属其购买者。事实婚姻夫妇也没有分享其带入同居关系的财产之增值部分的权利。

如果您为同居伴侣购买的财产做出了经济贡献,但是产权在对方名下,该怎么办?对于同居伴侣,在双方没有签署有效同居协议的情况下,如想分享登记在对方名下的财产,只能向法院起诉对方不当得利(Unjust Enrichment),通过回归信托(resulting trust)和推定信托(constructive trust)争取自己的经济利益。

2. 扶养权(Spousal Support) 结婚夫妻有相互扶养的义务,所以当婚姻关系解除时,处于经济劣势的一方有权向法院申请对方给与赡养费(赡养期限以及赡养费金额视具体案情而定)。

而同居伴侣并不是自动享有该项权利。根据安省家庭法,只有同居已三年、或者共同生育或领养了一名子女,则您可以提出赡养费请求。

3. 子女抚养费(Child Support) 要求子女抚养费是子女的权利,不是父母的权利。事实婚姻关系中父母的子女,与已婚父母的子女拥有同样的获得抚养费的权利。如果同居伴侣共同生育或领养了一名子女,则您可以为该子女要求获得抚养费。您的同居伴侣在你们同居期间将您的孩子视如己出,则您也可以要求获得抚养费。如果您的同居伴侣拒绝支付抚养费,您可以向法庭申诉,要求法官判决您的同居伴侣支付该子女的抚养费。抚养费的数额按照儿童抚养费指导方针(Child Support Guidelines)的规定确定。

4. 房屋居住权 按照安省家庭法,结婚夫妻自动拥有留住在共同住宅中的平等权利。

不同于结婚夫妻,同居伴侣在向法庭申请赡养费及抚养费时,需提出留住在同居时住宅的请求。即使您不拥有该住宅,或您的名字不在租赁协议上,法官也可能视案情做此判决。但是如果您未得到赡养费,且房子在对方名下,则您无权继续留住在该住宅内。

青春损失费/分手费,能否得到法律上的支持? 当同居关系解除时,弱势一方经常会希望对方对自己的青春损失进行一定经济补偿, 对此安省家庭法无相应依据。安省法律上支持的仅有满足条件的赡养费以及子女抚养费。

同居伴侣分手时,如何解除同居关系? 当同居关系双方感情破裂时,该如何解除同居关系呢?

当同居伴侣签署了有效同居协议,对于财产分割以及其他事宜予以安排,则双方执行同居协议即可。

或同居伴侣可友好协商,对于共同财产分割以及赡养费、抚养费没有争议,则双方当事人自行解除同居关系即可,无须向法院起诉;

如同居伴侣对同居期间的共同财产分割纠纷,或赡养费、抚养费存在争议,可诉至安省法院。

建议签署同居协议 越来越多的同居伴侣理性选择签署同居协议 (Cohabitation Agreement) 以有效保障当事人的合法权益。同居协议最重要的部分就是财产分割。大家先小人后君子,明言在先,从而避免后续的纷争与官司。

免责:此信息为公共法律信息,非法律专业意见,仅供参考。如需法律服务,请联络新起点律师事务所 (613)225-8425.

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