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Fam006 什么是婚姻契约?签署婚姻契约的重要性?

  • Writer: New Beginning Law
    New Beginning Law
  • Nov 5, 2019
  • 3 min read

Updated: Nov 21, 2019


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婚姻契约(Marriage Contract) 是配偶双方于婚前或婚后,在意思表示真实、自愿平等的基础上签订的协议。其主要内容包括双方在分居或离婚时,对于家庭财产分割、配偶扶养费(Spousal Support)、子女抚养费(Child Support)等诸多事宜予以书面协定。如双方于婚前签订此协议,即我们通常讲的婚前协议(prenuptial agreement)。


作为公法救济,安省家庭法对于婚姻配偶的权益予以了较完整的规定。安省家庭法视婚姻为一个平等的经济合伙契约。当您的婚姻终结,则您在婚姻期间所得财产以及您带入婚姻财产的增值部分,都应一分为二:一半归您,另一半归您的丈夫或妻子。需要注意的是,此默认平分规则也有例外情况。法律还规定您与您的丈夫或妻子有平等的住在家庭住宅内的权利。此外,当您的婚姻终结时,您本人及您的子女可能有资格获得赡养费或抚养费。


既然安省家庭法对于婚姻终结时的主要事项已作出安排,为什么配偶双方还需要签署婚姻契约呢?作为私法救济,如果配偶双方认为安省家庭法某些规定不适用于其配偶关系,则他们可以在婚姻契约中另行安排。


签署婚姻契约的最常见情况/理由如下:

* 配偶双方的财产或收入悬殊,从而要求不平等分割家庭财产;

* 避免家族企业落入旁人之手;

* 希望将特定遗产或赠予(比如祖居)保留在自己的家族;

* 需要对前一次婚姻中的子女予以保护。


根据安省家庭法,婚姻中继承的遗产或者获赠以及婚前财产均不计入夫妻共同财产,但这部分资产的增值部分需要在离婚时进行平分。因此,如配偶一方可能获得大额赠与或者遗产且该遗赠在婚姻期间有很大的升值空间,则可以在婚姻契约中约定如何分配这部分资产的增值部分或约定对方不享有增值部分。


需要注意的是,尽管配偶双方可以按照自己的意愿对财产做出安排,但如果双方的约定严重不合理(unconscionable),则未来有被法院变更的可能。


此外,根据安省继承法的有关规定,遗嘱执行需要受制于婚姻家庭财产分割。因此配偶双方可以在婚姻契约里对一方过世之后财产如何处理做出安排,来避免遗嘱执行时出现继承人和配偶对薄公堂的局面。


在婚姻契约中,您可以说明你们在婚姻期间对彼此的期望。您可以列出自己带入婚姻的财产,并说明其价值以及所有者。您可以确切写明,当婚姻终结,将如何分割你们的财产(无需遵循安省家庭法默认平分规则,可以写明不平等分割财产)。还可写明,当婚姻终结,将如何确定赡养费的支付。您还可以为您孩子的教育等重大事宜制定计划,即便您的孩子尚未出生。


需要注意的是,有些事情不能写入婚姻契约。您不能就在婚姻破裂的情况下如何就您子女的监护权及探视权安排作出承诺。您不能改变每个配偶都有居住在其家中的平等权利。


为保证婚姻契约的有效性和可执行性,在签署婚姻契约前,配偶双方应彼此向对方披露财务信息,咨询各自的律师并获得独立法律意见(Independent legal advice)。如双方未披露财务信息,该婚姻契约有可能会受到有效性挑战,以及被法院推翻或变更。


同时,对于婚姻契约的签署,安省家庭法规定了程序性要求。配偶双方必须在证人前签署婚姻契约,以使其具有法律效力。该证人也必须在这份协议上签字。一旦签署了婚姻契约,配偶双方必须遵守其规定。如果一方对协议不满意或有异议,可以协商对协议进行修改。任何修改必须是书面的,并需要在证人前签字。


尽管有很多人认为在婚前或婚姻中“签协议”有伤感情,但是出于多种目的,越来越多的配偶理性选择签署婚姻契约。大家明言在先,绕开安省家庭法的默认规则,对一些当事人重要的事宜予以特别安排,以避免有朝一日,双方分居或离婚时的纷争与官司。


免责:此信息为公共法律信息,非法律专业意见,仅供参考。如需法律服务,请联络新起点律师事务所 (613)225-8425.

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