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Fam007 关于配偶赡养费的那些事儿

  • Writer: New Beginning Law
    New Beginning Law
  • Jan 24, 2020
  • 4 min read


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婚姻关系在法律上被视为经济合伙契约。但是在现实中,对于家庭的贡献不仅仅局限于经济方面。通常,一方(多数情况下为女性)会花较多时间照顾家庭和孩子,从而放弃了工作或升职加薪的机会。而另一方则侧重于事业发展,有较高收入,经济方面对于家庭贡献更多一些。当婚姻结束时,前一方往往处于经济劣势,她们会受各种因素影响难以返回职场或多年后再入职场从底薪开始。

出于对非经济家庭贡献的认可,帮助经济弱势一方能自给自足,以及消除由于婚姻结束而造成的一方陷入经济困难,加拿大联邦离婚法(Divorce Act)和安省家庭法(Family Law Act)都规定配偶有扶养对方的法律义务。经济弱势一方可索取配偶赡养费以帮助他/她在经济上实现独立自足,或者帮助他/她摆脱严重的经济困境。


赡养费金额

赡养费具体金额要视案情而定。法律规定法官必须考虑接受赡养费一方的经济需求,以及另一方可以负担的经济能力。具体而言,法官会考虑以下情形:

• 配偶的年龄和健康状况;

• 现有就业机会;

• 婚姻对就业机会的影响;

• 婚姻期间对家庭经济和非经济贡献;

• 对另一方事业的贡献;

• 分居前家庭的生活水平;

• 一方能够在经济上自足所需花费的时间;

• 是否需要在家照顾年幼子女或残疾成年子女


通常情况下,法官会参考“配偶赡养费咨询指南”(Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines)。该指南是对以往相同或类似案件中裁决的赡养费数额予以统计汇总。它根据接受赡养配偶的年龄、婚姻长短以及子女抚养费的有无,提供了赡养费数额的参考范围。但是需要注意的是,该指南仅为参考,并非法规。


配偶赡养费咨询指南,含有多个类别公式,本文仅介绍两个主要类别:

(1)无子女类别公式:

配偶赡养费 = (1.5%至2%)×双方一起年份×双方年总收入差值 备注:

双方在一起年份,包括婚前同居时间以及婚姻年份。

1.5%为下限,2%为上限;

25年及以上,双方年总收入差值50%封顶。


(2)有子女类别公式:

配偶双方分别确定个人净可支配收入(Individual Net Disposable Income,INDI)。然后将双方INDI加总。赡养费接受人可获得40%至46%的加总INDI。具体计算比较复杂,一般需使用专业软件予以计算。


赡养费支付多久?

通常来说,婚姻的时间越长,给赡养费的时间就越长。

法官同样会参考配偶赡养费咨询指南:

赡养费周期 = (50%至100%)×双方在一起年份

此外如双方在一起年份超过20年,或双方婚姻关系5年以上,且在分居时,需要赡养一方的年纪加上婚姻年限超过或等于65(65规则),则赡养义务为终身。


一方的过错行为是否会影响法庭配偶赡养费判决?

根据加拿大联邦离婚法案第15.2(5)款,法庭在配偶赡养费判决中不会考虑一方的过错行为对婚姻的损害。但如果配偶基于安省家庭法提出赡养费索求,则法庭在极端情形下,可能会在配偶赡养费判决中对于婚姻一方的过错行为予以考虑。


离婚后,一方再婚或有新的恋情,是否会对配偶赡养费产生影响?

虽然一方再婚或有新的恋情,并不会剥夺他/她向前任配偶索要配偶赡养费的权利,但是由于新的婚姻或恋情情形下,他/她可能会从新的配偶或伴侣得到一定经济支持,从而向前任配偶的经济需求依赖降低,会对配偶赡养费产生一定影响。


提出配偶赡养费索求是否有时效?

不同于常规诉讼时效为2年,配偶赡养费诉求没有时效,不会过期。


配偶赡养费能否一次性支付?

如果支付方有足够经济能力,则法庭可判决一次性支付。其优点是配偶之间彻底了断。此外,如配偶赡养费支付方存在极大违反法庭判令风险或双方婚姻短暂,法庭均有可能会判决一次性支付赡养费。


配偶赡养费能否变更?

如在法庭判决后,发生了实质性情形变化,且此实质性变化如已知会导致前判决有不同的判决结果,则任一方可向法庭提出变更配偶赡养费。


配偶双方能否就赡养费问题协商确定?

配偶双方可以就赡养费金额和支付频率达成一致,并将其写入分居协议。如果双方不能达成一致,则可上法庭由法官判决。

如配偶双方对赡养费支付达成一致,并写入分居协议,通常情况下,双方要遵循分居协议的规定。但是也存在一定的公法救济,比如法庭在认定分居协议签订时双方谈判势力极不均等,存在胁迫、欺骗等情形,或一方未获得独立法律意见,对于签署文件限制自己的合法权利没有足够的认知,法庭认定存在不公平不合理情形(unconscionable),则法庭可撤销原分居协议,从而对赡养费予以新的判决。


免责:此信息为公共法律信息,非法律专业意见,仅供参考。如需法律服务,请联络新起点律师事务所(613)225-8425

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