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Fam009 关于子女抚养费的那些事儿

  • Writer: New Beginning Law
    New Beginning Law
  • Jan 24, 2020
  • 3 min read

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父母双方,无论是婚姻配偶还是同居伴侣,都有责任抚养子女。


什么情况下需要支付抚养费?

父母双方在一起时,双方共同承担子女抚养义务。如父母已分居或离婚,拥有子女监护权的一方必须照顾子女的衣食住行、关心他们的日常需求并且保证家庭的正常运转。失去监护权的一方必须向拥有监护权的一方提供经济支持,以帮助承担照顾子女所需费用。该费用称为子女抚养费(Child Support)。

此外,如父母双方共享监护权,但孩子主要跟随父母一方居住(居住时间比重超过60%),则另一方需要支付子女抚养费。


继父母情形下是否需要支付抚养费?

A为单身母亲,带着一个三岁孩子。A与B相知相恋后,两人结婚或同居。现A与B面临分居,这种情形下,B是否要支付A的孩子的抚养费?

即使B不是孩子的亲生父亲,如果B在与A婚姻或同居期间,通过言行表示出视同A的孩子为自己的家庭成员,并愿意承担作为孩子的父亲所应尽的责任,则B需要支付抚养费。


抚养费多少金额?

在安大略省,“子女抚养费指南(Child Support Guidelines)”规定了子女抚养费的数

额。该指南规定,子女抚养费是根据无监护权一方或不经常与孩子生活一方的收入以及需要抚养子女的人数确定的。

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具体抚养费金额,请查看以下链接:https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/970391

在一些情况下,法庭有自由裁量权,可以判定高于或低于指南中所规定的数额。

• 例如,如果孩子有“特殊开支”(special or extraordinary expenses),法庭会判定一个高于指南规定的数额。“特殊开支”可以包括,例如托儿服务费用、私立学校学费、冰球装备或牙齿矫正等费用。

• 在极少数情况下,法庭判定的数额可能比指南规定数额要低,因为支付指南规定的数额会对抚养费支付方造成“过度困难”(Undue Hardship)。为了让法庭考虑减少指南所规定的数额,支付方必须出示证明,以证明困难程度以及他/她的家庭生活水平低于子女现在家庭的生活水平。


抚养费支付多久?

通常来说,抚养费需支付至子女成人以及完成大学学业(first post-secondary degree)。


抚养费能否一次性支付?

通常而言,抚养费是按月支付。但在一些特定情形下,如一次性支付合理,且支付方有足够经济能力,则法庭也可判决一次性支付。此外,法官还有可能对于抚养费支付予以一定限制或条件,比如法官可以要求支付方的遗产受制于抚养费支付, 换句话讲,即使支付人意外逝去,其遗产执行人仍要从遗产财富中支付抚养费。


分割监护权(Split Custody)情况下如何计算抚养费?

分割监护权,是指一个或多个子女跟随父母一方主要居住,其它子女跟随另一方主要居住。在分割监护权的情形下,父母双方应分别依据抚养费指南计算应支付对方数额后,将数额抵消(set-off),支付金额大的一方将差额支付给另一方。


子女抚养费能否变更?

如在法庭判决后,发生了实质性情形变化,且此实质性变化如已知会导致前判决有不同的判决结果,则任一方可向法庭提出申请变更子女抚养费。


财务信息披露义务

因为抚养费金额基于支付方收入金额予以计算,从而在抚养费接受方的书面要求下,支付方有每年披露个人财务收入信息的义务。如支付方拒绝披露其财务收入信息,则抚养费接受方可向法院提出申请,强制支付方提供财务信息。


抚养费对个人所得税的影响

抚养费对个税的影响,情形很多比较复杂,建议咨询专业税法律师或会计师。通常而言,在分居协议签署日或法庭判决日(统称为起止日commencement day)之后支付的抚养费,对于支付方而言不可抵免其收入(not deductible)。对于抚养费接受方而言,不计入其收入金额(not taxable)。


免责:此信息为公共法律信息,非法律专业意见,仅供参考。如需法律服务,请联络新起点律师事务所(613)225-8425

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